According to the fourth principle of the constitution, one of the most fundamental foundations of the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, , is the adherence of all laws and regulations to Sharia. Although the implementation mechanism of this principle is in accordance with the ninety-fourth and ninety-sixth principles of the constitution with the prior and automatic sharia supervision of the Guardian Council's jurisprudence on the approvals of the parliament, it is a guarantee of the sharia law, but except for a reference in the one hundred and seventy-seventh principle of the constitution, a mechanism to supervise the legality of the aforementioned regulations is not foreseen in the fourth principle. Therefore, the necessity of realizing the intention of the basic legislator from the establishment of the fourth principle is the establishment of a suitable and efficient mechanism for Sharia monitoring of the regulations. The main question of this paper is proposed around this axis, what is the optimal mechanism of sharia monitoring of administrative regulations. This paper using a descriptive-analytical method by referring to library sources led to the conclusion that Sharia supervision from the platform of the Court of Administrative Justice with challenges caused by "limitation of the jurisdiction of the Court", "proceedings to the extent desired", "lack of necessary proceedings in the Guardian Council" " and "restoring the effects of the repealed regulations to the previous status" is encountered. Previous Sharia supervision over all regulations is not within the capacity of the current structure of the Guardian Council and conflicts with the principles of administrative law. Therefore, it is necessary for a mechanism under the supervision of the jurisprudents of the Guardian Council to monitor the administrative regulations in a retrospective manner and at the same time automatically and actively.

Financial corruption is the priority of private interests over public interests and a form of abuse of power and legal authority in order to secure personal interests, which various factors such as lack of proper supervision can be effective in creating. The question is, can the regulatory bodies of the judiciary play a role in the emergence or spread of financial corruption? By using library resources and descriptive and analytical methods, while answering the said question positively, the supervisory authorities should be Pathology because the supervision of the Court of Administrative Justice and the General Inspection organization of the country is not carried out properly; on the one hand, the supervision of the court is reserved for the filing of lawsuits by private individuals and mainly around annulment lawsuits In addition, the Court does not have general jurisdiction in dealing with administrative claims and the note of Article 12 of the Law of the Court has limited the jurisdiction of this institution on the other hand, the supervision of the General Inspection Organization of the country is a point of reflection due to the weak implementation guarantee and its dependence on the judiciary, Also, submission of reports to the competent authorities by the said organization has a significant distance from the supervision intended by the basic legislator In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to redesign the structure and competence of supervisory authorities with an emphasis on automatic supervision Otherwise, the faulty regulatory institutions themselves are a factor in helping to spread corruption.

Prison is a place where individuals are physically, confined and detained, and are often deprived of personal liberty. Prisons are contracted to organizations that are part of a country's judicial system and are used as a punishment by a court order for the commission of a crime in order to enforce the imprisonment. Imprisonment is a substitute for imprisonment, including house and electronic imprisonment. These two penalties are always accompanied by electronic surveillance. These two are the emerging military, as explicitly referred to in article 62 of the Islamic Penal Code. It always has positive and negative effects on this type of punishment. Due to its beginnings, it has brought many dissenters and supporters. But the opposing view does not have the ability to oppose the views of the adversaries, and this new system is a new transformation to reach the main goals of punishment, which is reformation and rehabilitation.

Introduction The doctoral program plays an important role in the implementation of university missions and scientific development through original research and training of future scientists and researchers. On the other hand, research shows that the success of this course is influenced by factors, one of the most important of which is supervision. Supervisors have different methods, tastes and beliefs in providing supervision. The study of these characteristics and their integration in the theoretical frameworks (academic supervision styles) is an approach that can pave the way for a deeper understanding of the supervisory phenomenon as well as build tools for identifying and evaluating doctoral supervision status. Method in this study, using the method of narrative review, the literature in the field of higher education in internal resources (25 articles) and external (58 articles) was examined and analyzed. Results 6 stylistics were identified for doctoral supervision, which are stylistics: Anderson, Gurr, Gatfield, Mainhard et al., Murphy et al., And Vilkinas. These stylistics are described in the article and a general comparison is made between them. Discuss The study of these stylistics showed that the educational and moral dimensions of academic supervision, as well as the differences between the guidance of different educational groups, are the most important issues neglected in these stylistics. In addition, it was found that the main focus of these stylistics is on one of the goals of the doctoral course (educating researchers) and it can be suggested to provide stylistics focusing on another important goal of the doctoral course (science production). It should be noted that stylistic studies due to the practical approach as well as conceptual coherence, can help to improve the status of doctoral guidance, because contemplation of different styles of academic supervision and attention to their various dimensions by supervisors can by creating knowledge of different angles of academic supervision will lead to improving the quality of this process.

This paper aims to redefine the social supervision and control in Islam as one of the most important ways of preventing deviations and abnormalities based on Islamic social worlds which include real world, contemporaries’ world (Umwelt), ancestors’ world (Vorwelt), and non-material world. Using Islamic resources (Quran and Hadith), this paper demonstrates four areas of Islamic society especially intangible area. According to the definition of social worlds in Islamic society, there will be a new definition for concepts such as norm, audiences (deviants), executive guarantees, and social control agents. The above mentioned worlds are generalized into the intangible elements and even their tangible elements are redefined in new ways. This kind of attitude would improve the efficiency of the social supervision and control in Islamic society.

Many experts believe that transparency, greater access to information, and better flow of information help increase the accountability of governments and state officials and eventually help stem corruption and improve governance, which leads to an establishment's sustainability. In recent years, things such as unjustifiably high salaries and benefits, unjustifiable provision of properties and extra benefits at municipalities, the manner in which government-subsidized foreign currency is provided to importers of goods, etc are an indication of not-so-transparent processes, which are the result of lack of transparent information and flawed performance of supervisory organizations. This article discusses the important role of free access to information in improving the efficiency of governance and demonstrates that access to information in Iran is not as it should be and that supervisory organizations face a conflict and multiplicity of responsibilities. It also puts forward some proposals that could help improve information dissemination and supervisory structures in the country.

Introduction: Clinical supervision is an essential way of support and advances professional roles of nurses. Clinical supervision includes objectives and positive functions and is an effective support system within many challenges in nursing. The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting processes of clinical supervision from perspectives of nurses.Methods: In this qualitative and content analysis study, 18 participants including supervisors and nurses were selected purposively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, document reviews, and observations. Data were collected from September 2009 to October 2010. Data were analyzed using content analysis method.Results: The results of the study showed that implementation of clinical supervision by supervisors were affected by individual and organizational dimensions. In the individual dimension three themes were emerged: 1) supervisors' individual competencies, 2) supervisees' individual competencies, and 3) interaction between the supervisors and the supervisees. The organizational dimension had four themes: 1) high work load, 2) complex nature of clinical supervision, 3) non-effective organization in supervising, and 4) inappropriate fields for monitoring.Conclusion: According to the findings, several factors influenced clinical supervision including personal characteristics of supervisors and supervisees, complex nature of clinical supervision and environmental factors in hospitals. Understanding the different perceived dimensions of clinical supervision can help nurse managers to implement effective clinical supervision.

The holder of a bill of lading hardly ever has the chance and right to see the referred charterparties' terms and conditions. On the one hand, binding the holder of the bill of lading to the terms and conditions which he is not aware of seems unjust and therefore the incorporated clauses might be deemed invalid. On the other hand, dependency of the validity of the contract to the parties' awareness of their rights and obligation endangers commercial certainty. While in some legal systems such as United States of America and France, a general reference is capable of incorporating all of the charterparties' terms and conditions into bill of lading, according to English law an specific reference is required to incorporate ancillary clauses such as jurisdiction clause. Studying sources of Iran's law it could be concluded that the Iranian courts' probable solution should be very similar to the English law's approach.

Introduction: Health insurance supervision and control has important role in achieving the health insurance and health system mission and goals, but it has not received much attention. This study aimed to review the researches related to health insurance supervision and control, and categorize the used topics and related data sources. Methods: The study was conducted using systematic mapping method. A total of 316 research papers (published until the end of 2018) were investigated in related databases. Atlas. ti8 software and keywording technique were used for analysis and data extraction. Results: Seven health insurance supervision (health insurance program/policy monitoring, cost control, coverage and financial protection, equity in health, health insurance data and claims assessment, and people/insured and health service supplier and control topics) as well as nine data sources were identified. Conclusion: Health insurance program/policy monitoring and cost control topics had the most research number, and people/insured and health service supplier topics were the least related researches.